Anesthesia Industry In Near Future

History of Anesthesia :

• William Morton, dentist – first demonstration of successful surgical anesthesia with ether 1846.
• John C. Warren, surgeon at MGH says “Gentlemen, this is no humbug!” – birth of modern anesthesia.
• Dr. John Snow administers chloroform to Queen Victoria (1853)– popularizes anesthesia for childbirth in UK.
• He becomes the first anesthesia specialist.

Note that ether became anesthesia of choice in US, chloroform in UK.

Introduction To Anesthesia :

• Allow surgical, obstetrical and diagnostic procedures to be performed in a manner which is painless to the patient
• Allow control of factors such as physiologic functions and patient movement

 What is “Anesthesia" ...? 

• No universally accepted definition
    
• Usually thought to consist of:
                  1.Oblivion
                  2.Amnesia
                  3.Analgesia
                  4.Lack of Movement
                  5.Hemodynamic Stability
   
• Sensory
  • Absence of intraoperative pain
   
• Cognitive:
  • Absence of intraoperative awareness
  • Absence of recall of intraoperative events

• Motor:
  • Absence of movement
  • Adequate muscular relaxation
   
• Autonomic:
  • Absence of hydrodynamic response 
  • Absence of tearing, flushing, sweating

Anesthetic Techniques :

• General anesthesia
• Regional anesthesia
• Local anesthesia
• Conscious Sedation (monitored anesthesia care)

Goals of General Anesthesia :

• Hypnosis (unconsciousness)
• Amnesia
• Analgesia
• Immobility/decreased muscle tone (relaxation of skeletal muscle)
• Inhibition of nociceptive reflexes
• Reduction of certain autonomic reflexes (gag reflex, tachycardia, vasoconstriction)

Steps of Anesthesia :

1. Induction : The period of time from the onset of administration of the anesthetic to    the development of effective surgical anesthesia in the patient.
2. Maintenance : A sustained surgical anesthesia
3. Recovery : Time from discontinuation of administration of the anesthesia until consciousness and protective physiologic reflexes are regained.

Desired Effects Of General Anesthesia  (Balanced Anesthesia) :

• Rapid induction 
• Sleep
• Analgesia
• Secretion control
• Muscle relaxation 
• Rapid reversal

Anesthesia Drugs Market :

The anesthesia drugs market research specially focuses on ketamine market in U.S.A. Under general anesthesia drugs category, drugs such as propofol, midazolam & diazepam, fospropofol dis odium, sodium pentothal, ketamine, methohexital sodium, pentobarbital, etomidate and fentanyl are studied. The U.S. general anesthesia market was valued at $2 billion in 2011 and is poised to grow at a CAGR of approximately 4% to reach $2.3 billion by 2015.

Intravenous anesthetic drugs accounted for the largest share –65% – of the U.S. general anesthetics drugs market in 2011.

Major players such as Abbott laboratories (U.S.), Astrazeneca Plc. (U.K.), Baxter International Inc. (U.S.), Bedford Laboratories (U.S.), Bioniche Pharmaceuticals (U.S.), Eisai Co. Ltd. (Japan), Hospira Inc. (U.S.) and JHP Pharmaceuticals (U.S.).

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